Balls. Testicles. Rocks. Nuts. Jewels. Whatever you call them, those curious appendages that swing between a man's legs have been objects of fascination throughout history. In some cultures, testicles are the be-all of masculinity and lodge card of social dominance. In many cultures, animal testicles are fried up into tasty dishes reputed to add verve to a man's virility. In all cultures, castration and emasculation are viewed as monstrous humiliations and the end of a man's life as a man. A man without balls is not just a eunuch...he's a woman! At least that is the way people have traditionally derided and taunted men who do not bear those meaty little orbs. According to a famous joke, Queen Victoria once said, "Balls! If I had them, I'd be king."
Men's relationship with their testicles are often as complex as their relationship with their penises. They worry about the size of their balls and the shape and symmetry of them. They worry about how they hang and how to disguise them in clothes. Some hate the dense hair which grows on them and shave them
smooth. Others worry that sparse hair growth makes them look effeminate. And, while a big penis is generally considered sexy and desirable, big balls are not touted as being more beautiful than their smaller cousins. Balls simply aren't part of most heterosexuals' erotic vocabularies. The man who may broadcast the exact dimensions of his penis over the Internet will not offer any details on his balls --and I guess many women are grateful he doesn't.
We may not admit it out loud but there is an unspoken social consensus that testicles are unattractive, somewhat silly-looking and just plain bothersome. They bobble. They sway. They need frequent adjusting. They sweat. They droop with age. They drop with hernias. Frankly, most people would just as soon forget that they're there.
And for the most part, people do. With the exception of sex education courses where testicles are analyzed clinically with garish charts and Latin words, testicles are pretty much one of the Great UnMentionables of literature and social study. Even erotica usually gives them short shrift. Their role in pornography is to fill to
bursting with semen, and then leave the main action to the penis which hogs center stage, gets all the pleasure, receives all the praise ("oooh! it's so big!") and finally explodes with magnificent fireworks.
The balls simply crawl behind, emptied and ineffectual.
There is, however, one more paradoxical fact: from early boyhood through old age, men routinely expose their genitals to one another in public toilets and locker rooms. Now, the idea of women peeing side by side in an open space where they can get a good look at a neighbor's vagina is unthinkable. But casual communal nudity is the social sea in which most men swim --well, except for the ones who refuse to use public facilities precisely because they are terrified of homoerotic flashing in heterosexual settings.
Men grow up looking at other male genitals and comparing their own equipment to their neighbors'. This may partly explain why men so frequently worry about penis size while women seldom worry about the size of their vaginas (although there is as much variety in the size and shape of vaginas as there is in the size and shape of male genitals). Whether or not men will admit it, they can't help the natural impulse to sneak glances at others; nor can they thwart their natural competitive urge which makes them measure themselves against their fathers, brothers and friends.
All these weirdly mixed messages about genitals, and particularly about balls, are especially confusing to boys coping with puberty. Testicles are the source of a man's strength, but they are also make him vulnerable.
Adding further to social schizophrenia about male genitalia is the increased awareness in recent years of prostate and testicular cancer. Is there not some poignant, even mystical irony in the fact that the male body part that is most hidden and shameful is one most vulnerable to cancer? Or is there some secret mind/body connection between the unspoken social distaste for testicles and the high rate of testicular disease among older men? Perhaps it is a chicken and the egg question; perhaps it is something medical researchers may one day answer. Whatever the explanation, what I do know is that little boys grow up to be adult men with various degrees of fear and insecurity about their testicles.
Why can't balls get a break? Is it because the penis--in its ability to dramatically puff up to the size of a cucumber, to spurt body fluid sometimes clear across the room, and then to deflate sometimes to the size of a button mushroom--simply demands more admiration as a truly unique feature of human biology? Maybe it's because balls look somewhat like distant--albeit far hairier and nipple-free--cousins of female breasts. Or one could speculate that testicles are despised because they are perceived as fragile.
As a primary symbol of masculinity, they are also popular targets of violence against men. "Crushing," "busting," "cutting off" or "breaking" someone's balls are international metaphors for the humiliating defeat of an opponent. Innumerable warriors across time and culture have castrated their foes and taken the scrotums as trophies. And in metaphor, if not in life, balls are also used to express admirable qualities: having "big balls" or "brass balls" or "balls of steel" are accolades for people with courage.
Still, I wonder if it's their appearance and features that affect people most. I once had a humorous conversation with a gay friend about the way that scrotum skin moves when a man is excited. My friend was perfectly enamored of the snakelike rippling and wrinkling of his lover's scrotum. "I could watch it wrinkle and unwrinkled for hours," he said. "There's something so sexy, so strange about it. It's fascinating." Homosexuals who celebrate the masculine physique naturally appreciate the charms of the mysterious testicles. Some gay men express preferences for balls of different sizes, much as heterosexual men express preferences for different size breasts. They may favor the youthful appearance of a small, tight scrotum; or they may hunger for low-hanging giants. As with all preferences it often comes down simply to personal aesthetics and what different sizes mean to you subjectively.
In contrast, I have never heard women compare the size of men's balls, though they often talk about the size of men's cocks. When women do talk about balls, and especially the phenomenon of the wrinkling scrotum, they often do so with uneasy laughter and snide remarks. A client once described the way her lover's balls looked during arousal as something like primitive sea creatures undulating to ancient rhythms. And she meant that as a compliment. Her attitude towards his penis was very different: since it was a chief source of pleasure for her, she saw his cock as a worship-worthy tower of power. When she was in bed with him, she was infinitely more amorous towards his penis. His balls struck her as slightly creepy, and when he once timidly suggested to her that she suck on them during oral sex, she was revolted. "They smell funny," she said primly.
Women have also confessed to me that they are reluctant to handle testicles because they are afraid they will injure them. Another friend once confided that she perceived men as irredeemably fragile because of their balls. When she was growing up, her nervous mother regularly warned her to be careful not to injure her younger brother in the groin lest she cripple him or render him sterile for life. As a woman, her mother's message carried over to her perspective on adult males: Have Balls, Will Be Crushed would sum up her attitude.
While there's no denying that testicles are sensitive, for the most part, people exaggerate the risks. Unless you sharply poke, compress or otherwise use force on them, testicles can quite safely be rubbed, stroked, caressed, kissed, nibbled, and otherwise stimulated without any danger whatever of causing a man any pain. Needless to say, the key here is common sense: balls are sensitive but they are built to last and can usually stand up to quite a bit of sensual manipulation.
In any case, whatever the reason people feel queasy about balls, the widespread social ambivalence and disdain for them is openly reflected in popular culture. Many years ago, when I was active in an on-line movie forum run by film critic Roger Ebert, a new member began posting queries about movies which contained scenes showing women kicking men in the balls. When he didn't receive the replies he was hoping for, he began listing such films himself. Until then, it had never occurred to me just how common a phenomenon this was. A long discussion evolved from his messages. In a nutshell (so to speak), he proved his point that it was fairly typical to see men assaulted in this way. More often than not, the audience was made to feel that the man somehow deserved the proverbial "swift kick to the balls" (an expression which, itself, implies a just punishment).
He also noted that there was no female equivalent --you never see men punch or kick women in the breasts or between the legs in movies or on tv, though in real life, those similarly vulnerable areas are often subject to attack by violent men. Why is it more socially permissible to depict men being hit in the crotch than women being hit in the chest? In many shows and movies a kick or other impact injury to the groin is a comic set-up, intended to make the audience laugh. Think about it: how many times, in tv shows and movies, particularly ones about athletic competitions, does someone double over in pain from a blow to the groin while onlookers laugh? If we saw such injuries inflicted on women we would be outraged.
What is probably most confusing of all is the absence of conversation about testicles in terms of the pleasure they can bring. As a hedonist, I have had lovers who felt comfortable with their bodies and didn't hesitate to include sensation to their balls in our erotic repertoire. As a sexologist, however, I've found that men
more likely than not communicate negative messages about their testicles to women. Most typically, they fear accidental injury and warn their lovers to avoid hurting them. It is considerably rarer to find men who are self-confident enough to allow a woman to explore on her own or, better still, to show their partners how to properly caress and pleasure their testicles. Stimulation to the balls enhances male sexual pleasure, yet most women never get past the penis when it comes to their love-making techniques. Caressing and rubbing the scrotal sac, gently cupping the balls and lightly massaging them, or kissing and sucking lightly on the scrotum during oral sex are all loving sexual gestures that increase male excitement.
When men won't tell their women how to do these things, it's often because they are shy or slightly ashamed of their balls, and fear they would offend a woman with such talk. But sometimes, it's because men are out of touch with that part of their anatomy. More than a few of the men I've talked to over the years have revealed a near-ignorance of their own testicles beyond their biological function. They treat their balls like unpleasant biological vulnerabilities, appendages they have to protect from injury and safeguard against disease.
The people most likely to discuss stimulation to testicles are sexual masochists. Over the years, I have spoken with a few dozen men whose testicles are at the center of their pain and punishment fantasies. Some of them, like the film buff on-line, were fascinated by images of women kicking men in the groin. The fascination was sometimes intense enough to qualify as a kind of quasi-fetish. Surfing the Net, one can find a range of sites devoted to ball-crushing, binding, piercing, trampling, and other hardcore punishments. There are entire cottage industries in the porn world that specialize in testicular torture. For het male masochists and submissives, in general, the vision of a powerful, cruel woman grinding her foot into his genitals is very erotic. It is the paradigm of masculine helplessness. The details of the fantasy vary from person to person. One may fantasize about a cruel dominatrix in spiked boots grinding her stiletto into his naked, vulnerable sex. Another may imagine a perky cheerleader accidentally flipping her sneaker hard between his legs. Yet another dreams of being locked in mortal combat with an Amazon who suddenly unmans him with a powerful kick to his groin. When I worked a phonesex line many years back, one of my regular callers fantasized about having his balls tied to a rocking chair occupied by a beautiful young woman. He imagined her rocking backwards and stretching his balls until he screamed, then rocking forward to give him relief, and then doing it all over again, and again and again.
A gentleman we interviewed for Different Loving told us that some form of pain to his genitals had been at the center of his erotic impulses for as long as he could remember. Even as a young boy, he had experimented with painful sensations to his balls. He would find prickly seedpods and stick them in his underpants, delighting in the sharp pains all day. In his adult fantasies, cruel women prodded his balls with needles and knives, keeping him on the edge between terror and excitement.
The most extreme fantasy I've dealt with was told to me by a client I worked with only briefly. His story still haunts me. I wish I knew how it ended.
I suspect that into every therapist's life, such patients will wander: good people, moral and interesting people, who somehow find themselves on the verge of some terrible decision, and about to make a choice which could destroy their entire lives. A psychologist once told me about his experience with a young man who came in only once for a consultation. The fellow had a fetish for auto-asphyxiation (self-strangling, usually with a noose) and what is called a "terminal fantasy--a sexual fantasy scenario in which the ultimate erotic act is death. The patient had only mentioned it in passing, but something about his tone and the look in his eyes made my friend understand that the patient either was already experimenting or was planning to experiment with taking that fantasy to its extreme.
My psychologist friend was frightened for him but felt helpless. A responsible therapist isn't there to morally instruct people or to make their choices for them. A therapist's job is to listen and to understand, and hopefully to guide someone to make better choices by laying out the bigger picture that the patient cannot yet see for himself. Still my friend was distraught when the patient did not return and was haunted by the thought that he may have gone ahead with his dangerous obsessions and possibly done so with fatal results.
The patient who consulted with me was not embarked on quite so perilous a path. A lifelong bachelor, he was a successful, well-educated, extremely articulate and pleasant middle-aged man from a conservative state. He was socially well-adapted; had cordial relationships with his family; functioned well at work; exhibited no signs of depression or aggression and seemed remarkably at peace with himself. He was nervous about talking to me but quickly grew comfortable and spoke in a friendly, normal voice.
He was completely obsessed with castration. The fantasy was of relatively recent vintage, not something he had fantasized about in his youth. Sometime in his thirties he had stumbled across pornography involving castration scenarios and his imagination feverishly latched on to the drama of castration to the near-exclusion of all other types of sexual fantasy. For years he had been masturbating to thoughts of having his balls removed.
During his free time, he thought about it constantly. His fantasy was precise. He knew exactly how he wanted them removed, and it was important to him that he be able to see them immediately upon removal. In his fantasies, the sight of his excised testicles, held up in front of him on a metal surgical tray, brought him to orgasm. Now in his early forties, he had conducted scrupulous research and had located a doctor in another part of the country who performed elective castrations, somewhat on the sly. Finding a doctor who would perform this surgery was no easy task: and the doctor's credentials were, to put it mildly, questionable. But he was a licensed M.D. and was well-known and recommended on the secretive network of castration fetishists that my patient had hooked up with on the Internet. So despite some misgivings, my patient was determined to go ahead with the surgery. Before doing so, however, he decided to discuss his situation with a counselor. He called it a reality check, and wanted to be able to say, later, that he had covered every base before fulfilling his overwhelming desire for castration.
As I spoke with him, I was amazed by his clear-headed resolve. Yes, he had indeed considered all the consequences, and from all angles. He understood there was a risk that he would regret it forever afterwards. Yes, he knew the kind of doctor who'd perform the surgery was not likely to be the most trustworthy physician. Yes, it would change the course of his life and yes, it might make it impossible to find partners afterwards who could understand or appreciate his transformed physique. We talked about his childhood and youth, and his feelings about his testicles. He did not reveal any surprising secrets; he'd had no particularly traumatic experiences, no major sexual epiphanies, not even any remarkable sexual quirks; he claimed that his childhood was relatively normal, his parents' home typically Southern --conservative and Christian. I posed question after question, and though he politely answered them all without hesitation, and even though he agreed with me that the surgery he was proposing held a multitude of potentially dangerous unknowns, he was like a man who had steeled himself for a suicide mission and could not be talked out of it. There was only one thing he could focus on and only one path that felt real to him. Castration.
Was he being completely honest with me? I doubt it but it's never possible to know just how truthful any client is. In therapy, truth takes many different forms --sometimes you understand a client by his lies. In all cases, though, you have to take your client at face value: you have to trust that he is telling you is, at the least, his version of the truth. It is, in a sense, your job to believe your client's story, even if that story is filled fantasy--fantasy though it may be, it is still their emotional reality.
So, I tried to walk the line between compassionate support for his choices and responsible counseling. I had to balance my personal horror at the self-mutilation he planned with my professional commitment to treat each client with respect. I assured him that while I would not spend our sessions trying to break his resolve, I would offer as many alternatives as I could think of to get him to postpone and perhaps even ultimately cancel his trip to the surgeon.
He was willing to listen and thoughtfully discussed some of my suggestions. Since his fantasies involved the most punishing kinds of pain imaginable, I asked him if he had ever considered getting a genital piercing. While this isn't something I'd normally recommend, in his case, I was hoping that a controlled and non-permanent experience like genital piercing--which has become fairly common and generally quite safe among piercing aficionados--might help satisfy his urges. I told him that with a qualified piercer, he could get multiple piercings to his genitals with very limited health risks, and that perhaps the degree of pain would help him cope with a fantasy that could present untold dangers, physically and psychologically, in reality. He said he was willing to explore this option and that perhaps it would be a good intermediate step even if he did go ahead with the surgery.
The following week we spoke again. I was cautiously optimistic when he decided to postpone his surgery. I hadn't realized it but he had already scheduled a date only a few weeks from the time he first contacted me. I was relieved that he wanted to give the counseling more time, and hopeful that perhaps we could work towards finding the key to why he wanted the castration and perhaps to defuse the obsession so he could make another, safer choice for himself.
We spoke again about piercings, and I asked him more questions about his life, searching for clues that might help me untangle the mystery of his desire to be rid of his testicles. Was it disgust? Loathing? What did his balls represent to him that he wished to discard them so brutally? Was he rejecting his manhood? His identity? Or that part of him he felt most shame about? I had so many questions but his mild-mannered, thoughtful replies gave no clues. He was one of the sanest-sounding people I've ever counseled, which was in itself a bit unsettling.
After that chat, he never contacted me again. I tried to reach him without success: he wouldn't answer my emails. My guess is he decided to flee counseling before I changed his mind. Although he said he was open to change, I think he was kidding himself: it had taken him too many years to work up the courage to
pursue his strange fantasy. There was no turning back for him. I suspect that he went ahead with his plans after all and that now, even as I write this, he is out there, leading his quiet, ordinary, working life in his small, typical American community, but now as a eunuch.
I wish I knew where he is now and how he is doing. I hope he found what he was looking for. I can't pretend to understand it, but then sex is like that: mysterious, inexplicable. Some people, for whatever reasons, must do things that horrify others of us, and they must do them for the same reasons we must do the things we do: because it brings satisfaction; because we have free will; because people have the right to make their own decisions about their bodies; because are all entitled to make mistakes; because this is how we were made and we have no choice but to live out our destiny, no matter what other people think.
Still I'd like to know...does he miss his balls? Is at peace now, in some ball-less state? Does he feel that, without balls, he at last is a king?
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